Removing complex teeth safely and with minimal impact.
The outer layer of a tooth’s crown is made up of enamel—a solid, durable material and the hardest substance produced by the body. This protective layer shields the crown and offers a smooth surface that helps reduce plaque buildup. Enamel hypoplasia occurs when there is a deficiency or thinning of this vital layer, making the affected tooth more vulnerable to various issues.
Associated issues of Enamel Hypoplasia
Enamel hypoplasia can lead to several complications, including:
- Sensitivity: Affected teeth may become more sensitive to external stimuli.
- Bacterial Invasion: Compromised enamel increases the risk of bacteria infiltrating the tooth.
- Increased Plaque Buildup and Stains: The loss of the smooth enamel surface leads to more plaque accumulation and staining.
- Increased Damage and Wear: Thinning or missing enamel makes the tooth more prone to damage and wear.
Known Causes
Several factors can contribute to enamel hypoplasia:
- Genetic Issues: Some breeds, such as Border Collies, may have genetic conditions that impair normal enamel production. Genetic tests can identify carriers of these abnormalities.
- Maternal Illness During Pregnancy: Illness in the mother during pregnancy can affect the enamel development of the offspring.
- Illness or Infection in Early Life: Diseases or infections during early life can impact the enamel of permanent teeth.
- Trauma During Development: Trauma to developing teeth, particularly during the extraction of nearby teeth, can lead to enamel hypoplasia.
Identification & clinical presentation of Enamel Hypoplasia
Detecting changes in enamel that signal a problem can be challenging. An irregular tooth surface is a key indicator—healthy enamel should be smooth and glass-like. Any missing or roughened areas may suggest an issue.
In cases linked to genetic conditions, affected animals often show abnormalities in tooth colour, shape, sensitivity and premature wear across most teeth, including baby teeth. Significant wear on some teeth may lead to complications such as abscess formation.
Treatment Approaches
Enamel hypoplasia presents treatment challenges since enamel develops during tooth growth in the jaw. Once teeth have erupted, medications or diet cannot significantly alter the enamel. Treatment focuses on protecting or rebuilding the affected teeth:
- Dental Bonding: For mildly affected teeth, dental bonding can reduce sensitivity.
- Composite Veneers: Moderate enamel loss can be addressed with composite veneers.
- Alloy or Porcelain Crowns: Alloy or porcelain crowns protect against tooth loss.
- Tooth Extraction: In severe cases, extracting multiple or all affected teeth may be necessary to prevent pain and infection.
Ongoing Monitoring
Enamel hypoplasia can be a life-altering disease if not treated appropriately. Continuous monitoring is crucial to manage potential discomfort and ensure the overall wellbeing of affected pets.
