Removing complex teeth safely and with minimal impact.
Maxillectomies and mandibulectomies are advanced oral surgical procedures performed in dogs and cats to treat severe conditions affecting the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandible) jaws. These surgeries involve the partial or complete removal of sections of the jaw and are often essential for managing oral tumours, severe trauma or congenital defects. While these surgeries may sound daunting, they can be life-saving and significantly improve a pet’s quality of life when performed appropriately.
What are Maxillectomies & Mandibulectomies?
Maxillectomy: This surgical procedure involves the removal of part or all of the maxilla, the upper jaw bone. Maxillectomies are usually performed to treat tumours that affect the upper jaw, palate or surrounding tissues. Depending on the tumour’s location and size, a maxillectomy can be partial, subtotal or total.
Mandibulectomy: This involves the removal of a portion or the entirety of the mandible, the lower jaw bone. Mandibulectomies are indicated when dealing with tumours, severe infections or traumatic injuries to the lower jaw. Similar to maxillectomies, these procedures can range from partial to complete removal, depending on the extent of the disease or damage.
Indications for Maxillectomies & Mandibulectomies
Oral Tumours: The most common indication for these surgeries is the presence of benign or malignant tumours in the oral cavity. Common tumours requiring surgical removal include fibrosarcomas, acanthomatous ameloblastomas, squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas. Surgery aims to remove the tumour completely and prevent recurrence, significantly extending the pet’s life expectancy.
Severe Trauma: Pets that experience severe jaw fractures due to accidents, fights or falls may require these surgeries if the jaw is too damaged to heal correctly. Maxillectomies and mandibulectomies help restore functionality and prevent chronic pain.
Infections and Osteomyelitis: Chronic infections or osteomyelitis (bone infection) that do not respond to conventional treatments may necessitate surgical intervention. Removing the affected bone can eliminate the source of infection and promote healing.
Congenital Defects and Deformities: Some pets are born with jaw abnormalities that impact their ability to eat, chew or breathe properly. Surgical correction through maxillectomy or mandibulectomy can help improve these functions and enhance the pet’s quality of life.
Why Are These Surgeries More Complex Than Other Procedures?
Specialised Techniques: Maxillectomies and mandibulectomies involve intricate surgical techniques to remove affected bone while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. The procedures often require precise cutting, reconstruction and suturing to ensure proper healing.
Advanced Imaging and Planning: These surgeries are highly planned using advanced imaging techniques like CT scans and X-rays. Detailed imaging helps the surgeon map out the tumour’s extent and develop a tailored surgical approach, minimising the impact on critical structures like blood vessels, nerves, and teeth.
Post-Surgical Reconstruction: Reconstructing the jaw after surgery is crucial for maintaining the pet’s ability to eat, drink and carry out normal activities. This may involve using bone grafts, tissue flaps or other advanced reconstructive techniques.
Specialised Pain Management and Post-Operative Care: Given the complexity of these surgeries, managing pain and ensuring a smooth recovery is critical. This includes appropriate anaesthesia, pain relief and a carefully monitored diet to support healing.
Post-Surgery Care & Recovery
Recovery from maxillectomies and mandibulectomies can vary depending on the extent of the surgery and the pet’s overall health. Key aspects of post-surgery care include:
- Dietary Adjustments: Pets may need a modified diet, such as soft or liquid foods, during the recovery period to prevent stress on the surgical site.
- Wound Care: Regular monitoring and cleaning of the surgical site help prevent infections and promote healing.
- Follow-Up Appointments: Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial to monitor the pet’s recovery, assess healing and address any complications promptly.
Conclusion
Maxillectomies and mandibulectomies are complex but vital surgeries that can significantly improve the lives of dogs and cats suffering from severe oral conditions. By understanding these procedures, pet owners can make informed decisions and work closely with their veterinarians to ensure the best outcomes for their furry companions. If your pet has been diagnosed with an oral tumour or other jaw-related issues, consulting with a veterinary oral surgeon is the first step towards effective treatment and recovery.
