Removing complex teeth safely and with minimal impact.
Dental prophylaxis, commonly known as a “prophy,” is a fundamental procedure in veterinary dentistry designed to address periodontal disease, the most common infection in dogs and cats. Also referred to as a scale and polish, COHAT (Comprehensive Oral Health Assessment and Treatment), or a dental clean, this procedure is essential for maintaining optimal oral health. Contrary to the misconception of a quick “scrape of the teeth,” a dental prophylaxis involves a comprehensive process with meticulous attention to detail.
What is a Dental Prophylaxis and what is required?
A dental prophylaxis includes both supra- and subgingival cleaning of the teeth, along with a thorough dental examination. It aims to combat periodontal disease, which is caused by bacteria in plaque, by reducing plaque in the mouth.
The objective is to remove all plaque and calculus from the tooth surfaces, thereby preventing or slowing the progression of periodontal disease.
General anesthesia is required for the procedure to ensure patient safety and enable a comprehensive examination and subgingival scaling.
A step-by-step outline...
1 – Removal of Supragingival (Above the Gumline) Calculus and Plaque:
- Hand instruments such as scalers and curettes are used.
- Calculus forceps may be employed for larger deposits.
2 – Removal of Subgingival (Under the Gumline) Calculus and Plaque:
- Manual scaling with a curette is the only safe method.
3 – Mechanical Cleaning:
- Supragingival surfaces are cleaned with an ultrasonic scaler.
- Subgingival surfaces may also be cleaned with caution, as incorrect use can damage teeth.
A step-by-step outline...
4. Polishing:
- Mechanical polishing instruments remove fine remnants of plaque and calculus.
- Polishing should be done carefully to avoid damaging the teeth.
5. Oral Irrigation:
- The mouth, particularly the sulci, is gently washed using water, saline or antibacterial solutions.
6. Examination and Charting:
- A thorough examination includes using a periodontal probe to measure pocket depths.
- All findings are recorded, and treatment plans are outlined.
Beyond Prophylaxis
Any procedures beyond these steps are classified as periodontal treatment, targeting the effects of periodontal disease rather than merely cleaning plaque and calculus from the teeth. Periodic dental prophylaxis, ideally every 6-18 months, is crucial for significantly reducing periodontal disease. Waiting until severe symptoms appear is counterproductive. Prophylaxis is most effective when performed consistently and proactively to prevent irreversible periodontitis.
