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Definition & symptoms
Stomatitis in pets refers to severe inflammation of the mouth’s mucous membranes, resulting in a red, sore mouth. It affects both cats and dogs, causing significant discomfort and making it difficult for them to eat, drink or open their mouths. The condition typically involves irritation and ulceration of the gums, lips, tongue and sometimes the throat.
Symptoms of stomatitis include drooling, bad breath, difficulty eating, irritability, weight loss, pawing at the mouth, and red, swollen or bleeding gums. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for your pet’s recovery. Common causes include dental disease, autoimmune disorders and allergies. In cats, Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a frequent cause, while dogs can suffer from Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CCUS).
Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis (FCGS)
Stomatitis in cats is most commonly referred to as feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS). It is a severe oral disease characterised by painful, prolonged inflammation extending beyond the gums to the soft tissues of the mouth. The exact cause remains unknown, but triggers may include viruses, bacteria, dental disease and hypersensitivity reactions.
The most effective treatment is full mouth extractions, which resolve symptoms in 60-80% of cases. For patients who don’t respond to extractions, medical management, such as immunosuppressant therapies, may provide relief. Supportive care, including pain management and nutritional support, is crucial for maintaining a good quality of life.
Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CCUS)
Stomatitis in dogs is most commonly referred to as Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CCUS). This immune-mediated condition is the result of an exaggerated response to plaque bacteria, leading to significant pain, reduced appetite, drooling and irritability. CCUS affects not only the gums but also the buccal mucosa, with friable, bleeding tissues and foul-smelling plaque.
Treatment focuses on strict plaque control, including professional dental care and home brushing. Full-mouth extractions are often effective, and medications are used for acute flare-ups. Supportive care, including pain management and nutritional support, is essential. Research into the causes and management of CCUS is ongoing.
